Características das microbiotas de biofilmes dentais formados em condições de saúde e de doença cárie : uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Dental caries is a disease found in many individuals and is mainly dependent on biofilm and sucrose. However, for a carious lesion to occur, an imbalance in the oral microbiota must occur, that is, a dysbiosis, and thus there is a higher prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms compared to the amount of commensal microorganisms. The objective of this literature review was to describe and compare the existing microbiota in healthy biofilms and diseased biofilms, in order to contribute to the understanding of changes in health conditions and caries disease. The selection period of the articles was between March 2022 and March 2023. Articles relevant to the topic were included, through the Pubmed and Scielo databases, in English. The present review found that microorganisms related to health conditions or caries are endogenous constituents of the oral microbiota. External factors, such as frequent intake of sucrose, tend to modify the habitat, leading to the predominance of microorganisms with greater cariogenic potential, with acid production, conducive to the aggregation of more pathogenic bacteria and to the demineralization of dental enamel. Other commensal bacteria, however, are able to release substances such as hydrogen peroxide and contribute to the involution of cariogenic microorganisms, thus achieving homeostasis of the oral microbiota. The present review reaffirmed the biofilm-sucrose-dependent multifactorial etiology of caries disease and that the microbiota of the dental biofilm is dependent on the interrelationships between these factors, with dysbiosis being the cause of the occurrence of caries disease.