Avaliação da implantação de uma estação de tratamento de efluentes - ETE em um município do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Investments in basic sanitation are a milestone in the development of the country, areas located in rural areas or even small towns, lack this service. The lack of sewage treatment, together with the inadequate conditions of basic sanitation, contributes to the proliferation of numerous parasitic and infectious diseases. In order to establish criteria for compliance with basic sanitation, Federal Law No. 11,455 was created in 2007, Law No. 14,026 of 2020 aims to regulate the new framework for basic sanitation, which seeks to attract private investment and allow the gradual increase in privatization of the sector. Basic sanitation consists of a set of actions and measures aimed at improving environmental health (RIBEIRO et al., 2010), preventing diseases, promoting better health. The city chosen for the case study does not have a sewage collection network, as well as a collective sewage treatment system, and the existing treatment system in the municipality is of the individual type with septic tank. There are places where the treatment is inefficient or even non-existent. The present study analyzed in the environmental scope the feasibility of implementing an effluent treatment station - ETE, in this municipality. An analysis was carried out on the quantitative data of occurrence and volume of sewage from the individual systems carried out by the Municipal Department of Agriculture; an assessment of the technical environmental feasibility for the implementation of the ETE; environmental assessment for the installation of the collection system in the city center; as well as a comparative analysis for the treatment of effluents in two different scenarios.